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Treblinka Death Camp History
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The death camp at Treblinka was located in the north-eastern region of the Generalgouvernement, in a sparsely populated area near Malkinia Gora, a junction on the Warsaw – Bialystok railway line, some 4km northwest of the small Treblinka village and its railway station.
Near to an established Arbeitslager (forced labour camp) known as Treblinka l, the site chosen was heavily wooded and well hidden from view. Treblinka I housed both Poles and Jews, and was located by a gravel pit, one and half km from the site of the death camp.
The labour camp functioned from June 1941 until 23 July 1944. The death camp was established as part of Aktion Reinhard. Construction work began at the beginning of April 1942, after SS men came to the village of Poniatowo and inspected the locality.
The building contractors were the German construction firms `Schonbronn’ from Leipzig, and `Schmidt – Munstermann’, which had an office in Warsaw. SS- Hauptsturmführer Richard Thomalla from the SS-Bauleitung Zamosc supervised the construction work. Primarily, the workers building the death camp were Jews brought there in trucks from neighbouring villages, such as Wegrow and Stoczek Wegrowski. Prisoners, mainly Polish, from the Treblinka l labour camp were also utilised in the building work. The witness Lucjan Puchala recalled:
“Initially we did not know the reason for building the branch track, and it was only at the end of the job that I found out from conversation among the Germans that the track was to lead to a camp for Jews. The work took two weeks and it was completed on 15 June 1942. Parallel to the construction of the track, earthworks continued.
The SS-men and Ukrainians supervising the work killed a few dozen people every day, so that when I looked from the place where I worked to the place where the Jews worked, the field was covered with corpses. The imported workers were used to dig deep ditches and to build various barracks. In particular, I know that a building was built of bricks and concrete, which as I later learned, contained people to be exterminated”.
The camp’s first commander was the Austrian SS-Obersturmführer, Dr Irmfried Eberl, who had served in Bernburg (a “euthanasia” killing centre), and also, for a short time, at the Sobibor death camp. In August 1942 Eberl was relieved of his command by Globocnik, when Globocnik and Wirth visited Treblinka, having been made aware of a chaotic breakdown in the extermination process.
This had arisen because Eberl had accepted more transports than Treblinka could handle. In late August Eberl was replaced by SS-Obersturmführer Franz Stangl, the former commander of the Sobibor death camp. Christian Wirth stayed in Treblinka to sort out the chaos created by Eberl, and brought several experienced SS-men from Belzec, such as Franz and Hackenholt, to assist with the task.
The camp staff of Treblinka, responsible for the smooth operation of the mass killings, consisted of about 35–40 Germans, all of whom wore the field-grey uniform of the Waffen-SS. None of them held a rank lower than SS-Unterscharführer.
Read more about Treblinka here: http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/ar/treblinka.html
The Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team
www.HolocaustResearchProject.org
Papa Eicke of the Concentration Camps
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Theodor Eicke was born in Hudingen Alsace- Lorraine on 17 October 1892, the son of a station-master. He was discharged from the Imperial army after reaching the rank of sub-paymaster and being decorated with the Iron Cross (Second Class).
Eicke joined the police administration in Thuringia after qualifying as an inspector in 1920, he was briefly employed by the security police and the criminal police and by the police administration in Ludwigshafen on the Rhine.
He lost various jobs because of his anti-republican political activities, but in 1923 he was hired as a commercial executive by I.G. Farben (Ludwigshafen), also looking after their anti-espionage service.
Eicke joined the Nazi Party and the SA on 1 December 1928 and was transferred to the SS on 20 August 1930 where he was quickly promoted. Appointed SS-Standartenfuhrer on 15 November 1931, he was put in charge of the SS regiment in the Rhine-Palatinate.
Read more about Eicke and Dachau Here
The Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team
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Emanuel Ringelblum |
Emanuel Ringelblum was born in 1900 in Buczacz, which is situated near Stanislawow. He graduated from Warsaw University, after being awarded a doctorate in 1927 for his thesis on the history of the Jews of Warsaw during the Middle Ages.
For several years he taught history in Jewish schools and was also active in public affairs. From an early age he was also an active member of the political movement the “Left Po’alei Zion”, led by a core of devoted activists including Adolf Berman, and Emanuel Ringleblum himself.
In 1930 he had become a part-time employee of the Joint Distribution Committee (known as “The Joint”) and in November 1938 was sent by them to the Zbaszyn camp where 6,000 Jews – Polish citizens expelled from Germany – were gathered.
Ringelblum spent five weeks at the camp, where he directed relief work, collected testimonies from the deported Jews and gathered information on events in the Nazi Reich.
Read more HERE
The HolocaustResearchProject www.HolocaustResearchProject.org
Aktion Reinhard Staff
(Rest and Recuperation)
From Mass Murder to the Mountains
The SS staff when they finished their daily duties at the Belzec, Sobibor and Treblinka death camps they were allowed to leave the camp without undue formalities, but most stayed in the German living barracks drinking alcohol.
Each camp will be covered in more detail, enhanced with survivor testimonies, and testimonies from former SS men and Ukrainian guards who served in the camps, and other eyewitness recollections:
Rest and Recuperation
Inside the Death Camps and Local Area’s
- Read the full article here: http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/ar/r&r4AR.html
The Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team
www.HolocaustResearchProject.org
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In this nightmare, something big was destroying my town. Everyone was fearful for their lives, but things calmed down as soon as people thought that the threat was gone. When everyone came out of hiding, they discovered huge piles of corpses. It didn't take long for us to find out what had made these piles; huge, robot-type things. They started chasing down everyone, killing them, and throwing them into these piles. It was like some sort of new age holocaust brought upon by a robotic Fuhrer.
I was all alone in the nightmare. I didn't have a family to run too. I kept searching for people who would help me, but no one would. When the robots came, I managed to find three teenagers who said I could stay with them at their house. We ran and ran for miles, dodging body parts, and occasionally stopping to hide from the robots. We eventually made it to a small neighborhood. Trees had been uprooted and houses destroyed.
As we ran towards their house, I spotted in the distance this thing... it was hideous. It was about 18 feet tall and all hunched over. It had a deformed human body, but a child's head. It's mouth was filled with chipped teeth, but they were all razor-sharp. It was chasing after a couple of people and was gaining momentum. It pounced on this man and began tearing hunks of flesh from his back. The man was screaming and trying to escape, but he was trapped under the creatures huge, taloned feet. The monster leaned down and tore his head right off and spit it out. I had seen enough and continued running.
We finally had reached this house and we all stepped inside. There were 4 people there already - a mother, father, and an aunt and uncle. They didn't seem relieved or happy to see the kids at all, but they weren't angry about it either. It was like they were indifferent to the children's safety. Nobody acknowledged me, so I sat down on an old, brown couch by a window. Only when I had calmed down did I realize that I was inside my grandmother's house. I was filled with sadness, because my grandmother had died a year ago.
I immediately woke up as soon as I realized it was my grandmother's house. My chest is still a bit tight and my hands are a bit shaking. I was going to wake up my dad, but I figured I would let him sleep since it's only 7:00 AM.
I hate seeing things about huge disasters or the apocalypse. I don't like to dream about it or watch TV about it. I don't like the idea of being abandoned or being in some building somewhere, hiding, and worrying about whether my parents are alive or dead. It scares the hell out of me. It terrifies me.
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